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Generally, depth is more important than shape although a more natural effect is achieved by an irregular outline. Ensure that one part of your pond is over one metre deep to prevent the water freezing into a solid block in winter. (No harm is caused by the surface of a pond totally freezing over as long as some water remains unfrozen.) Many varying suggestions are made in publications as to the best slope to create when constructing ponds. Experience has shown that a slope of 45 degrees is best. Often you will read the desirability to have a 'shallow' end. It is best to ignore this as this usually results in a large part of the pond being left 'high and dry' during a dry spell. If you dig the hole as shown below you will find that the resulting pond will be a success. Mark out the outline of your pond with pegs and string and start digging! Leave some soil close at hand for infilling and levelling. (You may be surprised at how much of the soil is actually needed after the pond has been lined.) When the hole is dug, check the levels with planks and a spirit level (see diagram) or for bigger ponds, you could use surveying equipment.
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